How can certain medications cause or worsen acid reflux?

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How can certain medications cause or worsen acid reflux?

Certain medications can cause or worsen acid reflux by various mechanisms, including:

Relaxing the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): Some medications, such as muscle relaxants, certain antidepressants, and calcium channel blockers (used for high blood pressure), can weaken or relax the LES. When the LES is relaxed, stomach acid can more easily flow back into the esophagus, causing reflux symptoms.
Increasing Stomach Acid Production: Medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can irritate the stomach lining and increase acid production, which can worsen acid reflux.
Delaying Stomach Emptying: Some medications, such as certain narcotics or anticholinergics, can slow down the emptying of the stomach, leading to increased pressure in the stomach and a higher likelihood of acid reflux.
Irritating the Esophagus: Medications like bisphosphonates (used to treat osteoporosis) and certain antibiotics can directly irritate the lining of the esophagus, making acid reflux symptoms worse.
Altering the Balance of Stomach Contents: Medications like aspirin and other NSAIDs can disrupt the protective mucus barrier of the stomach, making it more susceptible to damage by stomach acid and leading to increased reflux symptoms.

If you are experiencing acid reflux due to medication, it’s essential to discuss alternatives or possible adjustments with your healthcare provider.